E-Numbers to Avoid — Additives With Real Concerns

Most E-numbers are harmless — but not all. This guide lists the 5 additives that are banned or heavily restricted somewhere in the world, plus the 79 where genuine concerns or conditions apply, from hyperactivity warnings to allergen rules.

A note on perspective: an E-number is only granted after an EFSA safety assessment, and the additives below are still legal in at least some markets. 'Avoid' here means credible, documented concerns exist — regulatory bans elsewhere, mandatory warning labels, allergen status, or EFSA findings that intake exceeds safe levels for some groups. It doesn't mean a single biscuit will harm you.

Banned or restricted somewhere

Banned in at least one major market, or restricted to very narrow uses.

Approved but with concerns

Legal and widespread, but carrying warning labels, allergen rules or active scientific debate.

For the additives banned outright somewhere in the world — and why regulators disagree — see our banned E-numbers guide. Parents may also want the E-numbers and ADHD guide covering the Southampton Six.

Additive data sourced from Open Food Facts (ODbL licence) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). This page is for general information and does not provide medical or dietary advice.