E-Numbers to Avoid — Additives With Real Concerns

Most E-numbers are harmless. But 9 are banned or heavily restricted somewhere, and 57 carry genuine concerns.

'Avoid' means credible concerns: regulatory bans elsewhere, mandatory warning labels, allergen status or EFSA findings. It doesn't mean a single biscuit will harm you — it means these additives are worth knowing about.

See also: banned E-numbers and the ADHD guide.

Banned or restricted

Banned in at least one major market, or restricted to very narrow uses.

E-NumberNameSafetyDetails
E123 Amaranth Banned/restricted Full details
E171 Titanium Dioxide Banned/restricted Full details
E952 Cyclamate Banned/restricted Full details
E128 Red 2G Avoid Full details
E214 Ethyl Para-Hydroxybenzoate Avoid Full details
E215 Sodium Ethyl Para-Hydroxybenzoate Avoid Full details
E239 Hexamethylene Tetramine Avoid Full details
E284 Boric Acid Avoid Full details
E285 Sodium Tetraborate Avoid Full details

Approved but with concerns

Legal but carrying warning labels, allergen rules or active scientific debate.

E-NumberNameSafetyDetails
E102 Tartrazine Some concerns Full details
E104 Quinoline Yellow Some concerns Full details
E110 Sunset Yellow FCF Some concerns Full details
E122 Carmoisine Some concerns Full details
E124 Ponceau 4R Some concerns Full details
E127 Erythrosine Some concerns Full details
E129 Allura Red AC Some concerns Full details
E131 Patent Blue V Some concerns Full details
E132 Indigotine Some concerns Full details
E142 Green S Some concerns Full details
E151 Brilliant Black BN Some concerns Full details
E155 Brown HT Some concerns Full details
E173 Aluminium Some concerns Full details
E180 Litholrubine BK Some concerns Full details
E210 Benzoic Acid Some concerns Full details
E211 Sodium Benzoate Some concerns Full details
E212 Potassium Benzoate Some concerns Full details
E213 Calcium Benzoate Some concerns Full details
E218 Methyl Para-Hydroxybenzoate Some concerns Full details
E219 Sodium Methyl Para-Hydroxybenzoate Some concerns Full details
E220 Sulphur Dioxide Some concerns Full details
E221 Sodium Sulphite Some concerns Full details
E222 Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite Some concerns Full details
E223 Sodium Metabisulphite Some concerns Full details
E224 Potassium Metabisulphite Some concerns Full details
E226 Calcium Sulphite Some concerns Full details
E227 Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite Some concerns Full details
E228 Potassium Hydrogen Sulphite Some concerns Full details
E249 Potassium Nitrite Some concerns Full details
E250 Sodium Nitrite Some concerns Full details
E251 Sodium Nitrate Some concerns Full details
E252 Potassium Nitrate Some concerns Full details
E310 Propyl Gallate Some concerns Full details
E311 Octyl Gallate Some concerns Full details
E312 Dodecyl Gallate Some concerns Full details
E319 Tertiary Butylhydroquinone Some concerns Full details
E320 Butylated Hydroxyanisole Some concerns Full details
E321 Butylated Hydroxytoluene Some concerns Full details
E338 Phosphoric Acid Some concerns Full details
E339 Sodium Phosphates Some concerns Full details
E340 Potassium Phosphates Some concerns Full details
E407 Carrageenan Some concerns Full details
E520 Aluminium Sulphate Some concerns Full details
E521 Aluminium Sodium Sulphate Some concerns Full details
E522 Aluminium Potassium Sulphate Some concerns Full details
E523 Aluminium Ammonium Sulphate Some concerns Full details
E541 Sodium Aluminium Phosphate Some concerns Full details
E951 Aspartame Some concerns Full details
E954 Saccharin Some concerns Full details
E962 Aspartame-Acesulfame Salt Some concerns Full details
E150b Caustic Sulphite Caramel Some concerns Full details
E150c Ammonia Caramel Some concerns Full details
E150d Sulphite Ammonia Caramel Some concerns Full details
E160b Annatto Some concerns Full details
E161g Canthaxanthin Some concerns Full details
E407a Processed Eucheuma Seaweed Some concerns Full details
E553b Talc Some concerns Full details

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Data: Open Food Facts (ODbL) · EFSA. General information only — not medical or dietary advice.

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